4-动词语气(虚拟语气)

语气类型

1. 陈述语气
2. 祈使语气
3. 虚拟语气

陈述语气

1. 描述现实
2. 例句
   • The rabbit ate the carrot.
   • Did the rabbit eat the carrot ?
   • Was the rabbit hungry

祈使语气

1. 用第二人称(“你”)用一般现在时态
2. 去掉“你”，并保证动词原形
   • You eat the carrot -> eat the carrot

虚拟语气

表“不可能”假设

1. 与现在相反

• 条件句：过去式
• 主句：would + 动词原形
• e.g
  • If I knew it, I would tell you
  • If I were you, I would give this video a thumbs-up

2. 与将来相反（可能性小）

• 条件句：should + 动词原形 (用了 shall 的过去式并没有"应该"含义, should 作情态助词时才有这个含义)
  • should 可以用 were to 取代
  • shall(原形) -> should (过去式)
  • will -> would
  • can -> could
  • may -> might
• 主句：would + 动词原形
  • would 可以根据语境与 shoud could might 替换
• e.g
  • If I should see the rabbit tomorrow….

3. 与过去相反

• 条件句：had + 动词过去分词
• 主句：would have + 动词过去分词
• e.g
  • If I had watched this video before, I would have aced my test

虚拟语气表达愿望，请求，建议，命令等

1. wish

• 即：希望某个动作/事件 发生

• wish / hope -> wish 希望可能性小的事情发生，hope 比较中性

• 对现在的愿望：wish + 动词过去式

  • e.g I wish that I were a rabbit / I wish you were here

• 对过去的愿望：wish + had / would have + 动词过去分词

  • I wish (that) I had eaten the carrot

• 对将来的愿望：wish + should/would/could + 动词原形

  • I wish (that) I could eat the carrot

2. would rather

（参考 wish）

• I would rather that you didn’t eat the carrot -> 表达现在的愿望
• I would rather that you hadn’t eaten the carrot -> 过去

3. demand / suggest / insist / order

• 一律 should + 动词原形
• I demand / suggest / order / insist that you (should) give me a carrot -> 现在
• I demanded / suggested / ordered / insisted that you (should) give me a carrot -> 过去

总结